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ALSO WATCH : Morphology
ALSO VISIT:HUMAN REPRODUCTION IMPORTANT MCQ’s
Morphology is the name given to the science that deals with the study of the form and structure of things. No matter which plant you take, the morphology of a flowering plant includes the roots, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Let us have a look at the flowering plants and morphology of flowering plants notes in detail.
Flowering Plants :- Flowering plants are the most diverse group of land plants with 300,000 known species. These are also known as angiosperms and produce seed-bearing fruits. It is believed that the flowering plant evolved from gymnosperms during the Triassic period and the first flowering plant emerged 140 million years ago.
Flowers are the reproductive organs of the flowering plants and the most important feature that distinguishes them from other seed plants. These have led to the speciation of angiosperms that helps them to adapt to diverse ecological niches.
The flowering plants reproduce by the process of pollination. In this, the pollen grains transfer from the anther of the male flowers to the stigma of the female flower where fertilization occurs and seed is formed.
Root System :- The root is a brown, nongreen and underground part of a plant. Root with their branches is collectively called a root system. There are three types of the root system:
- Taproot System
- The Fibrous root System
- The Adventitious root System
Table of Contents
Morphology in Flowering Plants Neet Questions
Shoot System :- Another essential part of the plant is its stem. It is the ascending part of the plant axis which bears branches, leaves, flowers, fruits and helps in the conduction of water and minerals. It is the aerial part of the plant, developed from the plumule of an embryo or the germinating seeds.
Young stems are usually green in colour and subsequently becomes woody and brown. The stem is modified into certain structures according to the function they perform.
Leaves :- The leaf is a laterally borne structure and usually flattened. It is the main photosynthetic part of the plants. It absorbs light and helps in the exchange of gases through the stomata.
Flowers :- The flowers are the reproductive part of the plant. The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is called inflorescence, which has two major parts called racemose which let the main axis continue to grow and cymose which terminates the main axis in a flow.
The flower consists of four different whorls:
- Calyx, the outermost.
- Corolla, composed of petals.
- Androecium, composed of stamens.
- Gynoecium, composed of one or more carpels.
The reproduction in plants occurs by the process of pollination. It is the process of transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same or different plants.
Fruits :- The fruit is the characteristic feature of flowering plants, which is a ripened or mature ovary and the seed is what the ovules develop into after fertilization. The fruit that develops without fertilization is known as parthenocarpic.
The Seed :- A seed is a basic part of a plant, which is found enclosed within the fruit. It is made up of a seed coat and an embryo. During the development of the fruit, the wall of the ovary becomes the pericarp. In some plants, the ovary wall dries out completely, while in some it remains fleshy.
1. Rearrange the following zones as seen in the root in vertical section and choose the correct option.
(a) Root hair zone (b) Zone of meristem
(c) Rootcap zone (d) Zone of maturation
(e) Zone of elongation
(a) e, b, c, a. d (b) a, b, c, d, e
(c) d, e, a, c, b (d) e, d, c. b, a
2. In an inflorescence where flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession, the position of the youngest floral bud shall be
(a) Proximal (b) Distal
(c) Intercalary (d) Anywhere
3. The mature seeds of plants such as gram and pea, possess no endosperm, because
(a) These plants are not angiosperms.
(b) There is no double fertilization in them.
(c) Endosperm is not formed in them.
(d) Endosperm gets used up by the developing embryo during seed development.
4. Roots developed from parts of the plant other than radicle are called
(a) Tap roots (b) Fibrous roots
(c) Adventitious roots (d) Nodular roots
5. Venation is a term used to describe the pattern of arrangement of
(a) Floral organs (b) Flowers in inflorescence
(c) Veins and veinlets in a lamina
(d) All of them