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Mughal Empire: Today we are providing aspirants important notes on the Mughal Empire. The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur (reigned 1526–30). He was a Chagatai Turkic prince and was descended from the Turkic conqueror Timur on his father’s side and Genghis Khan, on his mother’s side.
Babur (1526–1530)
- Babur was born in 1483 in Fargana(Afganistan).
- He was the founder of the Mughal empire, who introduced gunpowder in India.
- Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat (AD 1526)
- Defeated Rana Sanga (Sangram Singh) at Battle of Khanwa (AD 1527)
- Defeated Medini Rai of Chanderi at Battle of Chanderi (AD 1528)
- Defeated Mahmud Lodi at Battle of Ghagra (AD 1529). This was the last Battle fought by Babur.
- He wrote Tuzuk-i-Baburi (Autobiography of Babur) in the Turkish language.
- Babur declared Jehad and adopted the title, Ghazi(After the Khanva War)
- According to Tuzuk-i-Baburi, Babur Died in 1530 in Lahore and buried at Aram Bagh (Agra). Later his body was taken to Afghanistan (Kabul).
Humayun (AD 1530-1556)
- Humayun was the eldest son of Babur.
- Built Dinpanah at Delhi as his second capital.
- Sher Shah Suri gradually gained power. He fought two battles with Humayun – Battle of Chausa (AD 1539) and another Battle of Kannauj (AD 1540) culminating in Humayun’s defeat.
- Humayun passed 15 years in exile. He again invaded India in 1555 with the help of his officer Bairam Khan.
- Humayun died in AD 1556 due to a fall from his library building’s stairs.
- Gulbadan Begum, Humayun’s half-sister wrote Humayun-nama.
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Akbar (AD 1556-1605)
- Abu’l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar popularly known as Akbar succeeded Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India.
- Conquered Malwa (AD 1561) defeating Baz Bahadur followed by Garh-Katanga (ruled by Rani Durgawati), Chittor (AD 1568), Ranthambhor and Kalinjar (AD 1569), Gujarat (AD 1572), Mewar (Battle of Haldighati, AD 1576 Akbar and Rana Pratap), Kashmir (AD 1586), Sindh (AD 1593) and Asirgarh (AD 1603).
- Buland Darwaza was constructed at Fatehpur Sikri after victory over Gujarat in AD 1572.
- Akbar married to Harkha Bai (also known as Jodha Bai), daughter of Rajput ruler Bharmal.
- Akbar abolished Jaziyah (AD 1564).
He believed in Sulh-i-Kul (peace to all), built Ibadat Khana (Hall of prayer) at Fetehpur Sikri; issued ‘Degree of Infallibility (AD 1579); formulated religious order Din-i-Ilahi (AD 1582). Birbal was the first to embrace it.
Jahangir (AD 1605-1627)
- Executed the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjun Dev.
- His greatest failure was the loss of Kandahar to Persia in AD 1622.
- Jahangir married Mehr-un-Nisa in AD 1611 and conferred the title of Nurjahan on her.
- He established Zanjir-i-Adal at Agra Fort for the seekers of royal justice.
- Captain Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe visited his court.
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Shahjahan (AD 1628-1658)
- Shahjahan had an insatiable passion for building
- Under his rule the Taj Mahal of Agra and the Jama Masjid of Delhi, among other monuments, were erected.
- His reign marked the cultural zenith of Mughal rule.
- His military expeditions brought the empire to the brink of bankruptcy.
- His sons commanded large armies on different fronts.
- During his reign the Marwari horse was introduced.
- Taj Mahal, the eternal love monument is located in Agra. Shah Jahan commissioned its construction as a mausoleum lor his favourite wife, Arjumancl Bano Begum, better known as Mumtaz Mahal, in 1631.
- A rebellion of the Sikhs led by Guru Hargobind took place. Shah Jahan ordered the destruction of the Sikh temple in Lahore.
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Aurangzeb(Alamgir) (1658-1707AD)
- Aurangzeb was the son of Mumtaz and Shahjahan
- Aurangzeb became victorious after the brutal war of succession among his brother Dara, Shuja and Murad.
- Rebellions during his rule – Jat Peasantry at Mathura, Satnami peasantry in Punjab and Bundelas in Bundelkhand.
- The annexation of Marwar in AD 1658 led to a serious rift between Rajput and Mughals after the death of Raja Jaswant Singh.
- Ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by him in AD 1675.
- Mughal conquests reached territorial climax during his reign.
- It stretched from Kashmir in North to Jinji in South, from the Hindukush in West to Chittagong in East.
- He was called Darvesh or a Zinda Pir. He forbade Sati. Conquered Bijapur (AD 1686) and Golconda (AD 1687) and reimposed Jaziya in AD 1679.
- He built Biwi ka Makbara on the tomb of his queen Rabaud-Durrani at Aurangabad; Moti Masjid within Red Fort, Delhi; and the Jami or Badshahi Mosque at Lahore.
- Aurangzeb died in 1707 in Ahmednagar
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Table of Contents
Mughal Empire Mcq
1. What were the central provinces under the rule of the Mughals?
A. Lahore
B. Chittor
C. Agra
D. All
2. What was the other name of Prince Khurram?
A. Jahangir
B. Shah jahan
C. Aurangzeb
D. None
3. In which year did Humayun recapture Delhi?
A. 1552
B. 1553
C. 1554
D. 1555
4. The interesting aspect about Ain i Akbari is …..?
A. Its pictorial details
B. Its ancestral details
C. Its administrative details
D. Its rich statistical details
5. What is the meaning of the word Diwan?
A. Revenue officer
B. Administrative officer
C. Finance officer
D. Legal officer
6. The salary of the Mansabdars was called
A. Mansab
B. Jat
C. Jagir
D. Zabt
7. Which ruler was insulted by Aurangzeb?
A. Man Singh
B. Rana Pratap
C. Shivaji
D. None of these
8. The Mughal leader Babur originally invaded northern India
A. To creates a Shiite Muslim state
B. Because he was unable to achieve his ambitious goals in central Asia
C. To control the trade routes into Southeast Asia
D. To defeat his longstanding enemy the sultan of Delhi
9. The only Hindu Courtier of Akbar who accepted Din-i-Ilahi was
A. Todermal
B. Birbal
C. Tansen
D. Man Singh
10. Ramayana was translated into Persian at Akbar’s court by whom?
A. Faizi
B. Abul Fazl
C. Badayuni
D. Haji Ibrahim Sirhindi
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11. Which was the second capital of Akbar?
A. Delhi
B. Agra
C. Fatehpur Sikri
D. Patna
12. Where French established their first factory?
A. Surat
B. Masaulipatam
C. Pulicat
D. Cochin
13. Din-e-llahi was a religion founded by
A. Shah Jahan
B. Akbar
C. Aurangzeb
D. Jehangir
14. During the Mughal rule, the police duties in the districts were entrusted to the officials known as?
A. Faujdar
B. Mansabdar
C. Kotwal
D. Amin
15. During whose reign did William Hawkins visit the Mughal court to secure a right to trade in Mughal ports?
A. Aurangzeb
B. Shah Jahan
C. Akbar
D. Jahangir
16. Which of the following Mughal emperors is credited with composition of Hindi songs?
A. Babur
B. Akbar
C. Jahangir
D. Shahjahan
17. The Mughal architecture attained unrivalled magnificence during the reign of
A. Babur
B. Akbar
C. Jahangir
D. Shah Jahan
18. Who got the Gita translated into Persian?
A. Shah Jahan
B. Akbar
C. Murad
D. Dara Shikoh
19. The Mughal School of Painting was interested in portraying
A. Mughal court
B. Domestic subjects
C. Scenes from the Indian classics
D. The scenes of their motherland
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20. Jizya was abolished by the Mughal ruler
A. Babur
B. Humayun
C. Akbar
D. Aurangzeb
21. . Which Afghan invader carried away the Peacock Throne from Delhi?
A. Ahmad Shah Abdali
B. Taimur
C. Nadir Shah
D. Feroz Shah
22. With reference to MianTansen which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. Tansen was the title given to him by Emperor Akbar
B. Tansen composed Dhrupads on Hindu Gods & Goddesses
C. Tansen invented many Ragas
D. Tansen composed many songs on his patrons
23. Which Mughal Emperor transferred the Mughal Capital from Agra to Delhi?
A. Jahangir
B. Aurangzeb
C. Shahjahan
D. Bahadur Shah
24. In which year (in A.D) did Babur invaded India?
A. 1530
B. 1520
C. 1526
D. 1550
25. The battle between Babur and Rana Sanga was fought at
A. Panipat
B. Chunar
C. Khanwa
D. Jaunpur
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| 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. A 13. B | 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. C |
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ALSO VISIT:
HISTORY
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