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Maratha Empire
- The geographical condition of Maharashtra helped in the rise of the Maratha empire.
- It’s an important episode of Indian history.
- Most of the region of Maharashtra had plateau region plateau also provided a good facility for guerilla-warfare to the Maratha.
- The saints of the Bhakti Movement in Maharashtra had also played an important role.
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SHIVA JI
- Shivaji was born in 1627. In fort of Shivneri
- He was the son of Shahji Bhonsle and Jija Bai.
- Shivaji inherited the Jagir of Poona from his father in 1637.
- After the death of his guardian, Dadaji Kondadev, in 1647, he assumed full charge of his Jagir.
- His guru was Ramdas Samrath
- He conquered many Forts Garh/ Kondana (1643), Rohind and Chakan (1644-45), Toran (1646), Purandhar (1648), Rajgarh/ Raigarh (1656), Supa (1656), Panhala (1659).
- In 1657 Shivaji first confronted the Mughals, talking advantage of the Mughal invasion of Bijapur, he raided Ahamadnagar and plundered Junnar.
- In 1659-60, Afzal Khan was deputed by Adil Shah of Bijapur to punish Shivaji; but the later Afzal Khan was murdered by Shivaji in 1659. The famous ―baghnakh‖ episode is related with the death of Afzal Khan.
DOWNLOAD MOBILE APPLICATION TO LEARN MORE: Maratha Empire Mcq for SSC CHSL - In 1660, Shaista Khan, governor of Deccan, was deputed by Aurangzeb to check Marathas. Shivaji lost Poona, Kalyan and Chakan also suffered several defeats till he made a bold attack on Shaista Khan(1663) and plundered Surat (1664) and later Ahmadnagar.
- Raja Jai Singh of Amber and Diler Khan were then appointed by Aurangzeb to curb the rising power of Shivaji in 1665.
- Jai Singh succeeded in besieging Shivaji in the fort of Purandhar. Consequently the treaty of Purandhar (1665) was signed according to which Shivaji ceded some forts to the Mughals and paid a visit to the Mughal court at Agra.
- 1666, Shivaji visited Agra but there he was insulted.
- 1670, Shivaji captured most of the forts lost by the treaty of Purandhar.
- 1674 Shivaji was coroneted at capital Raigarh and assumed the title of Haindava Dharmodharak (Protector of Hinduism).
- After that Shivaji continued the struggle with Mughals and Siddis (Janjira). He conquest Karnataka during 1677-80.
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Table of Contents
SHIVAJI ADMINISTRATION-
- The administrative system was largely borrowed from the administrative practices of the Deccan state.
1. Central Administration-
The administration was divided into eight departments headed by ministers who are some times called “Ashta pradhan.” They are-
- Peshwa= the finance and general administration.
- Sari naubat = senapati
- Majumdar= Accounts
- Waqai navis = intelligence and house holds.
- Surnavis or Chitnis = official correspondence
- Dabir or sumant = foreign minister
- Nyayadish = justice
- Pandit rao = religious affairs.
2.Provincial and Local Administration
- The provinces were known as Prants. The Prants were under the charge of the subedar.
- Over a number of Subedar, there were Sarsubedar to control and supervise the work of the subedar.
- Smaller than prant were Tarfs which were headed by a havaldar.
- There were Mauzas or villages which were the lowest unit of administration.
REVENUE SYSTEM OF MARATHA EMPIRE
- Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were taxes collected by Marathas.
- Chauth was paid to the Marathas so as not be subjected to Maratha raids.
- Sardeshmukhi was an additional levy of 10% on those lands of Maharashtra over which the Maratha claimed hereditary rights, but which formed part of the Mughal Empire.
- Marathi became the official language.
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Maratha Empire Mcq for SSC CHSL
1. During Shivaji’s rule the Council of the State consisted of
A. Eight Ministers
B. Eighteen Ministers
C. Twelve Ministers
D. Fifteen Ministers
2. Shivaji crowned himself at
A. Poona
B. Konkan
C. Bijapur
D. Raigarh
3. Shivaji maintained a fleet at
A. Surat
B. Calicut
C. Bombay
D. Kolaba
4. Shivaji submitted to Jai Singh and signed the treaty of
A. Poona
B. Purandhar
C. Konkan
D. Surat
5. Under Shivaji’s rule, the head of a unit of 25 in the Cavalry was known as
A. Jumadar
B. Havaldar
C. Faujdar
D. Hazar
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6. Shivaji’s Agra Adventure was planned by
A. Afzal Khan
B. Shayista Khan
C. Jai Singh
D. Mir Jumla
7. Name the religious personality who exercised a great influence over Shivaji
A. Tukaram
B. Guru Nanak Dev
C. Mirabai
D. Guru Ram Das
8. Shivaji sacked __________ and secured a large booty
A. Bijapur
B. Poona
C. Konkan
D. Surat
9. The Peshwa’s Secretariat at Pune (Poona), the pivot of the Maratha government was known as
A. Huzur Daftar
B. El Beriz Daftar
C. Chalte Dafter
D. Peshwa Dafter
10. In which year, Shivaji was crowned as the Chhatrapati?
A. 1608
B. 1674
C. 1646
D. 1710
11. Chhatrapati Sambhaji (1680-1688 AD) was the ruler of which dynasty?
A. Maratha
B. Nanda
C. Haryanka
D. Maurya
12. Bajirao-I (1720-1740 AD) was the ruler of which dynasty?
A. Nanda
B. Peshwas
C. Haryanka
D. Maurya
13. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (1674-1680 AD) was the ruler of which dynasty?
A. Nanda
B. Haryanka
C. Maurya
D. Maratha
14. Baji Rao-II (1796-1818 A.D.) was the ruler of which dynasty?
A. Nanda
B. Haryanka
C. Maurya
D. Peshwas
15. Identify the European power from whom Shivaji obtained cannons and ammunition
A. The French
B. The Portuguese
C. The Dutch
D. The English
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16. Shivaji founded the Maratha kingdom by annexing the territories of
A. Bijapur
B. Mughals
C. Both (a) and (b) above
D. Bijapur Golcunda and the Mughals
17. What was the capital of Shivaji’s Kingdom?
A. Pune
B. Raigarh
C. Karwar
D. Purandhar
18. ‘Chauth’ was
A. A religious tax imposed by Aurangzeb
B. Toll tax imposed by Shivaji
C. Irrigation tax charged by Akbar
D. Land tax levied by Shivaji on neighbouring States
19. The second founder of the Maratha Kingdom was
A. Tarabai
B. Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath
C. Peshwa Bajirao
D. Shahu
20. The Mughal General, who decisively defeated Shivaji and forced him to conclude the Treaty of Purandar, was
A. Shaista Khan
B. Mirza Raja Jai Singh
C. Prince Muazzam
D. Dilir Khan
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21. In his early days Shivaji moved with
A. Jat leaders
B. Mawali leaders
C. Santhals
D. Bhils
22. Shivaji crowned himself as King in the year
A. 1664
B. 1674
C. 1670
D. 1660
23. After the death of Rajaram in 1700A.D., Marathas continued the war against the Mughals under his brave wife
A. Tarabai
B. Lakshmibai
C. Ramabi
D. Jijabai
24. Sambaji plundered the Mughal territories in
A. Deccan
B. Gujarat
C. Punjab
D. Bengal
25. The estate of Shivaji’s father was
A. Konkan
B. Poona
C. Torna
D. Rajgarh
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26. Which of the following are true about Shivaji?,1. He was a disciple of Ramdas Samarth.,2. He levied Chauth and Sardeshmukhi.,3. He became the Peshwa
A. I II and III
B. II and III
C. I and II
D. III and I
27. The Marathas first served the rulers of
A. Muhammadan kingdoms of the south
B. Mughal empire
C. Vijayanagar
D. Afghanistan
28. The Maratha Kingdom under the Peshwas was
A. a loose federation
B. a military State
C. a confederacy (Mandala or Sangha)
D. a regency of the Peshwa
29. With the help of Baghnuk (Tiger-claws) Shivaji killed
A. Afzal khan
B. Shayista khan
C. Muhamad Khan
D. Aurangzeb
30. The Maratha dominion of Shivaji was known as
A. Swaraj
B. Mulk-i-qadim
C. Maharajya
D. Maratha Rastra
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ANSWER KEY
| 1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B | 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.B 20.B 21.B 22.B 23.A 24.A 25.B 26.C 27.A 28.C 29.A 30.A |
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ALSO VISIT: HISTORY
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