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OCEANS:
Five Oceans of the world
1.Pacific Ocean – The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world’s oceans.
2. Atlantic Ocean – The Atlantic Ocean is the world’s richest fishing waters. The Atlantic Ocean formed during the Jurassic Period. The first ocean to ever be crossed by an airplane.
3. Indian Ocean
4. Southern Ocean
5. Arctic Ocean
RIVERS:
Drainage’ is a term signifying the river system of an area.
A drainage basin or river basin is an area which is drained by a single river system.
An upland that separates two drainage systems that are next to each other is called a water divide.
On the basis of origin, there are two river systems of India — The Himalayan rivers and the Peninsular rivers.
Himalayan rivers create meanders, oxbow lakes and other depositional features on their course.
Peninsular rivers are seasonal; mostly depending on rainfall and thus non-navigable.
Most of the rivers of peninsular India originate in the Western Ghats and flow’ towards the Bay of Bengal.
The Himalayan Rivers
A river along with its tributaries may be called a river system.
The major Himalayan rivers are the Indus, the Ganga, and the Brahmaputra.
The Indus River System
Rising near Lake Mansarovar in Tibet, the Indus enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir.
Rivers Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum join Indus near Mithankot, Pakistan and flow southwards to fall into the Arabian Sea, east of Karachi.
With a total length of 2,900 km, the Indus is one of the longest rivers of the world.
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The Ganga River System
The headwaters of the Ganga are called ‘Bhagirathi’.
Bhagirathi is fed by the Gangotri Glacier and joined by the Alaknanda at Devprayag.
Ganga meets the tributaries from the Himalayas such as Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi and the Yamuna.
A major river Yamuna, arising from Yamunotri Glader in the Himalayas, joins Ganga at Allahabad.
Other tributaries — Chambal, Betwa and Son — come from Peninsular uplands to join Ganga.
Ganga is joined by the Brahmaputra and flows through Bangladesh to reach the Bay of Bengal.
The delta formed when the Ganga and the Brahmaputra flow into the Bay of Bengal is known as the Sunderban Delta.
The length of the Ganga is over 2,500 km and it develops large meanders.
The Brahmaputra River System
Originating in Tibet, very close to the sources of Indus and Satluj, Brahmaputra enters India in Arunachal Pradesh and flows to Assam, joined by many tributaries.
The tributaries that join the Brahmaputra are Dibang, Lohit, and Kenula.
The Brahmaputra has a braided channel in its entire length in Assam to form many riverine islands.
Unlike other north Indian rivers, the Brahmaputra is marked by huge deposits of silt on its bed, causing the riverbed to rise.
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The Peninsular Rivers
The major rivers of the peninsula—Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri—flow eastwards to drain into the Bay of Bengal.
The Thai and Narmada are the only rivers which flow west to make estuaries and drain into the Arabian Sea.
The drainage basins of the peninsular rivers are comparatively small in size.
The Godavari Basin
The Godavari begins in Nasik district of Maharashtra. It is the largest peninsular river.
Its large basin covers most parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.
The tributaries which join the Godavari include Purna, Wardha, Pranhita, Manjra, Wainganga and Penganga.
Because of its length and the area, it covers, the Godavari is also known as the Dakshin Ganga.
The Godavari drains into the Bay of Bengal.
The Mahanadi Basin
The Mahanadi, a 860 km long river, rises in Chhattisgarh to flow through Orissa to reach the Bay of Bengal.
Principal tributaries of Mahanadi river are Sheonath, Jonk, Hasdeo, Mand, lb, Ong and Tel.
Mahanadi river basin is shared by Maharashtra, Orissa, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
Is is one of the major east flowing peninsular rivers draining into Bay of Bengal.
The Krishna Basin
The 1,400 km long Krishna river rises from a spring in the Mahadev range near Mahabaleshwar and falls into the Bay of Bengal.
The tributaries of Krishna include Bhima, Musi, Ghatprabha, Koyana and Tungabhadra. The Krishna basin is shared by Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
The Narmada Basin
Rising in the Amarkantak Plateau of Maikala Range, Narmada flows to create a gorge in marble rocks of Madhya Pradesh.
Narmada flows towards the west in a rift valley formed due to faulting. •
Narmada river has 41 tributaries. The important ones are: Barna, Ganjal, Chhota Tawa, Hiran, Janatara, Kolar, Orsang, Sher.
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The Tapi Basin
Originating in Betul, Madhya Pradesh, the Tapi flows through a basin that covers Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
The main west flowing rivers are Sabarmati, Mahi, Bharatpuzha and Periyar.
The entire Tapi basin can be divided into three sub-basins: upper, middle and lower and into two well- defined physical regions, viz, the hilly regions and the plains or Tapi Basin.
The Kaveri Basin
Originating in the Brahmagiri range of the Western Ghats, the Kaveri reaches the Bay of Bengal at Kaveripatnam, sharing its basin with Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puducherry or Pondicherry.
The main soil types found in the basin are red and yellow soils.
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Lakes
Most lakes are permanent while others contain water only during the rainy season.
Some lakes are the result of the glacial action and ice sheets and some may have been formed by wind, river action and human activities.
A river meandering across a floodplain forms cut-offs that later develop into oxbow lakes.
Glacial lakes are formed when glaciers dig out a basin which is later filled with snowmelt.
Some lakes like Wular Lake in Jammu and Kashmir result from tectonic activity.
Table of Contents
OCEANS AND RIVERS MCQ QUESTIONS
1. Which is the largest sea in the world?
A. South China sea
B. Mediterranean sea
C. Black sea
D. None of these
2. The deepest point in the ocean is
A. Mariana trench
B. Galathea deep
C. Mindanao deep
D. None of these
3. Which is the deepest ocean in the world?
A. Arctic
B. Atlantic
C. Pacific
D. None of these
4. Which is the saltiest sea in the world?
A. Mediterranean sea
B. Black sea
C. Baltic sea
D. None of these
5. The greatest depth of water surface is about 10.900 meters at Mariana trench. It is located in the
A. Atlantic Ocean
B. Pacific Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. None of these
6. Which is the saltiest sea in the world?
A. Red Sea
B. Black sea
C. Caribbean Sea
D. Baltic sea
7. Canal irrigation is most important in the Northern Plains of India because ________
A. The soil is porous
B. The level of underground water is high
C. The sources of canals are perennial rivers
D. The region is densely populated
8. Which of the following is false?
A. Krishna serves Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh
B. Godavari serves Madhya Pradesh
C. Mahanadi serves Bihar and Orissa
D. Narmada serves Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh
9. Find the odd one
A. Delta
B. Bolson
C. Arc Lake
D. Creep
10. The name of India’s biggest irrigation canal is
A. Yamuna Canal
B. Indira Gandhi Canal
C. Sirhind Canal
D. Upper Doab River
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11. Which of the following is the highest waterfall in India?
A. Shimsha falls
B. Hogenakkal falls
C. Courtallam falls
D. Jog falls
12. Hinterland refers to ________
A. Continental shelf in the sea from which oil can be extracted
B. Natural harbour used for international trade
C. Land region extending from a sea port
D. Abandoned sea port where trade was carried out initially
13. The Plateau that has both West and East flowing drainage system is
A. Malwa
B. Chota Nagpur
C. Ranchi
D. Hazaribagh
14. By which name does the Brahmaputra enter into India?
A. Manas
B. Dhansiri
C. Dihang
D. Tsangpo
15. Canal irrigation is most important in north India because the
A. Soil is porous
B. Level of underground water is high
C. Sources of the canals are the perennial rivers
D. Regions is densely populated
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16. Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. India ranks 9th in the world’s shipping tonnage
B. Mumbai port handles half of the country’s foreign trade
C. Kandla and Kolkata are tidal ports
D. India has 14 major ports and 129 minor ports
17. The second largest basin in Peninsular India is ________
A. Cauvery Basin
B. Godavari Basin
C. Narmada Basin
D. Krishna Basin
18. The port especially developed for exporting iron ore to Japan is ________
A. Haldia
B. New Tuticorin
C. Paradeep
D. Vishakhapatnam
19. Which of the followings pairs is wrongly matched?
A. Koyana Project – Maharashtra
B. Sharavathy Project – Karnataka
C. Balimela Project – Odisha
D. Sabarigiri Project – Gujarat
20. How many ports are there in India?
A. 6
B. 9
C. 10
D. 12
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21. The Sivasamudram Falls is on ________
A. Cauvery
B. Subernarekha
C. Indravati
D. None of these
22. Which of the following port caters to the export of Kudremukh iron ore?
A. Cochin
B. New Mangalore
C. Mumbai
D. Vishakhapatnam
23. “The Dowlaiswaram Anicut” is an important canal system in the
A. Godavari Delta
B. Krishna Delta
C. Ganga Delta
D. Cauvery Delta
24. Consider the following seaports ________ ,1. Chennai,2. Machilipattinam,3. Nagapattinam,4. Tuticorin ,The correct sequence of these ports as one moves from north to south is ________
A. 1 2 3 4
B. 2 1 3 4
C. 1 3 2 4
D. 2 1 4 3
25. Which of the following canals is located in West Bengal?
A. Lower Ganga Canal
B. Sarada Canal
C. Eden Canal
D. Sirhind Canal
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26. The Rajasthan Canal Project cover
A. Punjab
B. Punjab Haryana and Rajasthan
C. Haryana
D. Rajasthan
27. The first multi-purpose project of independent India is
A. Bhakra-Nangal
B. Damodar
C. Hirakud
D. Nagarjunasagar
28. Which of the following state is not part of Narmada valley?
A. Madhya Pradesh
B. Rajasthan
C. Gujarat
D. Maharashtra
29. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
A. Mahanadi River rises in Chattisgarh
B. Godavari River rises in Maharashtra
C. Cauvery River rises in Andhra Pradesh
D. Tapti River rises in Madhya Pradesh
30. The Naga hills form the watershed between India and ________
A. China
B. Myanmar
C. Bhutan
D. Bangladesh
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ANSWERS:
| 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. C | 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. B |
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ALSO VISIT: GEOGRAPHY
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