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Two-thirds of India’s population is engaged in agricultural activities. It is a primary activity, which produces food grains and raw materials for industries. India is geographically a vast country so it has various food and non-food crops which are cultivated in three main cropping seasons which are rabe, kharif and Zaid.
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Major crops can be classified into-
- Food crops- Rice, Wheat, Millets, Maize and Pulses.
- Cash crops- Sugarcane, Oilseeds, Horticulture crops, Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Cotton and Jute.
Cropping Seasons
| S. No | Cropping Season | Time Period | Crops | States |
| 1. | Rabi | Sown: October-December Harvested: April-June | Wheat, barley, peas, gram, mustard etc. | Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh |
| 2. | Kharif | Sown: June-July Harvested: September-October | Rice, maize, jowar, bajra, tur, moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut, soybean etc. | Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra |
| 3. | Zaid | Sown and harvested: March-July (between Rabi and Kharif) | Seasonal fruits, vegetables, fodder crops etc. | Most of the northern and northwestern states |
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RICE
- Temperature: Between 22-32°C with high humidity.
- Rainfall: Around 150-300 cm.
- Soil Type: Deep clayey and loamy soil.
- Top Rice Producing States: West Bengal > Punjab > Uttar Pradesh > Andhra Pradesh > Bihar.
- It is the staple food crop of majority of Indian people.
- India is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China.
- In states like Assam, West Bengal and Odisha, three crops of paddy are grown in a year. These are Aus, Aman and Boro.
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Table of Contents
Wheat
- Temperature: Between 10-15°C (Sowing time) and 21-26°C (Ripening & Harvesting) with bright sunlight.
- Rainfall: Around 75-100 cm.
- Soil Type: Well-drained fertile loamy and clayey loamy (Ganga-Satluj plains and black soil region of the Deccan)
- Top Wheat Producing States: Uttar Pradesh > Punjab > Madhya Pradesh > Haryana > Rajasthan.
- India is the second largest producer after China.
- This is the second most important cereal crop and the main food crop, in north and north-western India.
- Success of Green Revolution contributed to the growth of Rabi crops especially wheat.
Millets (Nutri-Cereals)
- Temperature: Between 27-32°C
- Rainfall: Around 50-100 cm.
- Soil Type: Can be grown in inferior alluvial or loamy soil because they are less sensitive to soil deficiencies.
DOWNLOAD MOBILE APPLICATION TO LEARN MORE: AGRICULTURE MCQ FOR SSC CHSL 2022 EXAM- Jowar- Rain-fed crop grown in the moist areas with less or no irrigation.
- Bajra- Sandy soils and shallow black soil.
- Ragi- Red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils. (dry regions)
- Top Millets Producing States: Rajasthan > Karnataka > Maharashtra > Madhya Pradesh > Uttar Pradesh
- Jowar: Maharashtra > Karnataka > Madhya Pradesh > Tamil Nadu > Andhra Pradesh.
- Bajra: Rajasthan > Uttar Pradesh > Gujarat > Madhya Pradesh > Haryana.
- These are also known as coarse grains, which have high nutritional value. Ragi is very rich in iron, calcium, other micro nutrients and roughage.
- Jowar is the third most important food crop with respect to area and production.
- National Agricultural Insurance Scheme, Initiative for Nutritional Security through Intensive Millets Promotion are examples of government’s efforts to support millet production.
Maize
- Temperature: Between 21-27°C
- Rainfall: High rainfall.
- Soil Type: Old alluvial soil.
- Top Maize Producing States: Karnataka > Maharashtra > Madhya Pradesh > Tamil Nadu > Telangana
- India is the seventh largest producer worldwide.
- It is used both as food and fodder.
- Use of modern inputs such as High-Yielding Variety seeds, fertilisers and irrigation have contributed to the increasing production of maize.
- Technology Mission on Maize is one of the government’s initiatives for mazie.
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Pulses
- Temperature: Between 20-27°C
- Rainfall: Around 25-60 cm.
- Soil Type: Sandy-loamy soil.
- Top Pulses Producing States: Madhya Pradesh > Rajasthan > Maharashtra > Uttar Pradesh > Karnataka.
- India is the largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses in the world.
- These are the major source of protein in a vegetarian diet.
- Major pulses grown in India are tur (arhar), urad, moong, masur, peas and gram.
- Being leguminous crops, all these crops except arhar help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air. Therefore, these are mostly grown in rotation with other crops.
- Which State is the largest producer of bajra?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Gujarat
(d) Haryana
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AGRICULTURE MCQ FOR SSC CHSL 2022 EXAM
- Which State is the largest producer of bajra?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Gujarat
(d) Haryana
2.Which is the right condition for the growth of maize?
(a) Temperature between 21 °C to 27°C and old alluvial soil
(b) Temperature below 17°C and shallow black soil
(c) Temperature of 25°C and 200 cm of rainfall
(d) None of the above
3. Which of the following crops is a major source of protein in a vegetarian diet?
(a) Wheat
(b) Rice
(c) Pulses
(d) Oilseeds
4. Which one of the following is not true for pulses?
(a) Pulses are grown in both rabi and kharif season
(b) Pulses are leguminous crops
(c) They are grown in rotation with other crops
(d) Pulses require intensive irrigation facilities
5. Which is the ideal condition for the growth of sugarcane?
(a) Temperature of 21°C to 27°C and an annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm
(b) Temperature below 17°C and 50 to 75 cm rainfall
(c) Temperature of 25°C and 200 cm of rainfall
(d) none of the above
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6. What percentage of our cropped area is covered by oilseeds?
(a) 21
(b) 12
(c) 2
(d) 4
7. Which of the following conditions can spoil tea crop?
(a) Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year
(b) Frost free climate
(c) Deep fertile well drained soil
(d) Clayey soil which has high water holding capacity
8. Coffee cultivation was first introduced in:
(a) Himalayas
(b) Aravalli Hills
(c) Garo Hills
(d) Baba Budan Hills
9. Which of the following crops is an important raw material for automobile industry?
(a) Pulses
(b) Ragi
(c) Rubber
(d) None of the above
10. Rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fibre is known as:
(a) Sericulture
(b) Aquaculture
(c) Apeculture
(d) Pisciculture
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11. Which of the following is known as golden fiber?
(a) Cotton
(b) Jute
(c) Hemp
(d) Sil
12. Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
(a) Shifting agriculture
(b) Plantation agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Intensive agriculture
13. Which one of the following is a rabi crop?
(a) Rice
(b) Millets
(c) Gram
(d) Cotton
14. Which one of the following is a leguminous j crop?
(a) Pulses
(b) Jawar
(c) Millets
(d) Sesamum
15. Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a crop?
(a) Maximum support price
(b) Minimum support price
(c) Moderate support price
(d) Influential support price
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16. Primitive subsistence farming is also known as:
(a) Mixed farming
(b) Cooperative farming
(c) Slash and bum agriculture
(d) Commercial farming
17. Plantation agriculture is a type of:
(a) Subsistence farming
(b) Commercial farming
(c) Mixed farming
(d) None of the above
18. The three major cropping seasons of India are:
(a) Aus, Aman and Boro
(b) Rabi, Kharif and Zaid
(c) Baisakh, Paus and Chait
(d) None of the above
19. Which of the following is known as golden fibre?
(a) Cotton
(b) Jute
(c) Hemp
(d) Silk
20. Rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fiber is known as:
(a) Sericulture
(b) Aquaculture
(c) Ape culture
(d) Pisciculture
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ALSO VISIT: GEOGRAPHY
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ANSWERS:
| 1.A 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.A | 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.A |
DOWNLOAD MOBILE APPLICATION TO LEARN MORE: AGRICULTURE MCQ FOR SSC CHSL 2022 EXAM
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